Metodologia para determinação de hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos em sedimentos e solos periféricos à Represa São Pedro – Juiz de Fora, MG

Abstract

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons are important substances that are produced by many antropogenic sources, among that, the most significant is burns of fossil fuels and biomass which releases these compounds to the environment. Sediments and soils are important matrix to study contamination and their effects because they are able to adsorb organic compounds such as PAHs. The present work aim to optimize a analytical procedure for collection, extraction, separation and detection of 16 priority PAHs in samples of sediments and soil and them apply the method to samples of São Pedro's Dam and vicinity. At first, the methodology of separation of the standard solution of the 16 compouds was developed in HPLC with UV detection and a RP-C18 column. Many parameters were studied such as the solvent composition, flow rate, isocratic and gradient elution, variation of wavelength detection, resolution and symmetry of the peaks. The separation and quantification through this methodology were able to determinate 12 of the 16 studied compounds. After that, this methodology was applied for the studies of ultra-sound extraction and clean-up procedure with silica. Different techniques were applied during the improvement procedures, such as the use of centrifuge, the use of crucible of Gooch and the alkaline hydrolysis of the extracts. The obtained results attained to suitable extractions with appropriate recovery rates. The 14 samples of sediment were obtained in São Pedro's Dam and three soil samples collected closed to it and BR-040 highway to investigate the concentration levels of PHAs.