Expressão de marcadores de proliferação e apoptose em diferentes formas de carcinoma basocelular humano

Abstract

Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) is the most common form of human cancer, showing a predilection for the head and neck region. Its incidence has been increasing over the last years. Studies employing resources from molecular and genetic medicine associated with histomorphology allow the identification of risk factors in the development of more recurring and aggressive lesions, and propose more efficient prevention methods. The objective was to correlate the expression of markers of apoptosis (p53 and bcl-2) and cell proliferation (Ki-67 and PCNA) with histological indicators of the gravity of the tumor. In this study we analyzed five samples of the nodular, sclerosing and superficial forms, respectively, and one control group with three lesion-free patients. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the expression of these markers with the form of manifestation of BCC. Bcl-2 expression was significant in the BCCs said to be aggressive. The sclerosing variant expressed it the most, followed by the nodular variant. Of the studied growths, 66.7% (10) expressed p-53 strongly. Among the controls, one individual expressed it weakly in the basal layer. Our results show a larger expression of Ki-67 in nodular and superficial BCCs, with no expression whatsoever in the controls. PCNA was strongly expressed in all types of tumors and in the controls. Bcl-2 and p-53 have a tendency to indicate the gravity of Basal Cell Carcinoma. In contrast, Ki-67, due to its variable behaviour, can not be considered to be a marker of gravity. Furthermore, OCNA was not a good marker of cell proliferation.