Doença arterial obstrutiva de membros inferiores em pacientes com doença renal crônica pré-dialítica − prevalência e fatores de risco

Abstract

The occurrence of cardiovascular diseases in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is high, and the mortality rate from these pathologies can be up to 10 times greater in this group than in the general population, a fact that is even clearer when the GF rate reaches levels of less than 60 ml/min. This high occurrence may be put down to the association of the so-called traditional risk factors (common to the entire population) with non-traditional factors (common in patients with CKD). Lower limb obstructive arterial disease (LLOAD) is related to poor prognosis not only in patients undergoing dialysis therapy, but also those receiving transplants or conservative treatment. Besides, its early diagnosis is associated with suffering in other vascular beds such as the coronary and the carotid. In view of these observations, we decided to study the occurrence of LLOAD in a population of patients with CKD not in dialysis, using the ankle braquial index (ABI) and intermittent claudication (IC) as diagnostic methods, as well as assessing the relationship of certain risk factors among the groups with or without LLOAD. 72 patients were studied. All the patients were submitted to the ABI, LLOAD being diagnosed when the ABI < 0.9. The occurrence of LLOAD was 37.5% and only 48.1% of these patients had clinical symptoms compatible with IC. The patients with LLOAD were older (65.9 ± 13.0 vs. 54.6 ± 13.1 years of age), were more prone to coronary disease (37% vs. 11.1%) and used more 12 statins (40.7% vs. 15.5%). There was no difference as regards the dosage of reactive protein C among the groups with and without LLOAD. Analysis of logistic regression showed a relationship between the presence of LLOAD and age, low LDLc and IC. The high occurrence of LLOAD in patients with CKD not in dialysis was similar to that described by other authors and brings with it an important fact – that the majority of patients had no clinical symptoms. The possibility of early diagnosis of LLOAD in the asymptomatic phase, using ABI, leads us to suggest the use of this procedure in the routine attendance of outpatients with CKD not in dialysis.