O interacionismo: gênese, afinidades eletivas e desdobramentos recentes

Abstract

The XX century was marked by the development of theories that aimed to show alternatives to the normative paradigms in the Social Sciences esphere, especially critical in to Durkheim and Parsons postulates. In this context, emerged and progressed the interactionism, whose main analitical cathegory – the interacion – was considered the base for the vision that the social facts are pratical realizations resulted of intersubjectity process, in opposition of the determinist form of view that afirms the social facts as stable/statical. The debate whose this job pretended, in that case, aimed to present the interactionist theory like an original boarding to the classic antinomy individual versus society, considered by the conservative views in a very statical way. With this directions, this essay presents the philosophical roots that directly influenced the interacionist authors, in special the contributions of Georg Simmel, explicitated during the dissertation. The analysis of this philosophical views possibilitated the comfirmation of their influence, specially through the project and belongings notions, to the interacionist theory, beyond the clear emphasis in the relevance of intersubjective process for the social dynamics understanding. This philophical density causes the evaluation of the multiplicity of interactionist developments, presented by the authors who was profiled as such, and the conclusion of the trinominal interaction-representation-identity as the base of the theory. Equally relevant is the confirmation of the theory aplicability to microscopical boarings, like the ones realized in the Erving Goffman instigated searchs, thus like the considerations of the relation between interaction and social structure as the ones profiled by Peter Berger and Thomas Luchmann. Also complement this picture the enrichment proportionated by Herbert Blumer, Anselm Strauss and Howard Becker, who open new possibilities to the theory applications. This dissertations considers, also, based in the diversity of the theory apllications, the numberless boardings that interactionism possibilitates to important XXI century features, like the public opinion formations, the political processes and the relations between subjectivity and the modernity charactheristics, among others. The interactionism, so, is affirmed as a critical camp in the Social Sciences, whose necessity of being revisited by the Brazillian academy is explicited durign this dissertantion, comproving, in this way, the interactionism as a libertary alternative to the conservative searchs in the Social Sciences landscape.