As condições do trabalho docente e o processo ensino-aprendizagem nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental

Abstract

This dissertation has for principal objective investigate the conditions of the teaching work and your interference in the teaching-apprenticeship process on the initial years of the Basic Teaching. The methodological perspective one chose like for the philosophical conception of the Critical Realism, taking some of his beginnings as a base, according to which the process of inquiry is understood like a continuous search of factors of that they make a list internally and support the analyzed phenomena, going besides the observed appearances. For the reach of the central objective, there happened initially a lifting of the production of studies referring to the teaching work and to the conditions of work of the teacher from the decade of 1990 in Brazil and in the Latin America. In spite of little production of studies that board in the more deep form the central subject, there were important references that were boarding it regarding basic aspects how to the quality of the teaching and to the teaching health. There can be quoted, between others, the studies of Tardif and Lessard; Campos and Körner; Codo; Sampaio and Marim. Also there stand out works organized by several organs, such as INEP, UNESCO and CNTE. It was pawned also in the search of an organization and reflection about the conceptions made a list to the concept of work and teaching profession, analyzing like them they are inserted in the current context and which repercussions they present in the school daily life. In this field the works of Nóvoa can be quoted, Costa, Villela, Gadotti; Viannna. With the purpose of articulating the theoretical field of the empirical one, this study also was based on three sources of data. The first one refers to primary data lifted in the context of this study, through semi-structured interviews. The interviews were carried out by teacher and coordinator of two Juiz de Fora schools, one of the state net of teaching and other one of the municipal net and by a syndical representative of each net of teaching. Others two sources are secondary and they refer respectively to the interinstitutional inquiry and School Census. In the interinstitutional inquiry there were analyzed questions made a list to the conditions of teaching work, which could offer a dimension differentiated to the boarded subjects. Through the work with the School Census it was looked to raise the quality of the analyses about the relationship between infrastructure of the school and the teaching quality. The results obtained with the realization of this study indicate the importance of the conditions of work for the good development of the process teaching-apprenticeship. In the school extent there stand out the questions referring to the school management, pupils' number in room, of I tip social violence over and use of resources and school equipments. In the aspects made a list to the teaching run there stand out the contract of employment and the plan of run. Besides the process I teach apprenticeship to suffer interference of the conditions of work of the teacher, it was noticed that the teaching health, first condition for a effective work, cannot be divested of the discussions made a list to the quality of the school process.