Contribuições das habilidades metalinguísticas na leitura contextual: consciência fonológica e morfossintática

Abstract

Reading is a very complex activity in which different mechanisms are involved like identification of letters, recognition of words and their meanings, as well as the syntax and semantics interaction. In this sense, studies are investigating the roles of metalinguistic skills such as phonological awareness and morphosyntactic awareness in reading development. Two hypotheses will be examined: first, it emphasizes that contextual reading involves both phonological processing as morphosyntactic, because the contextual cues can help children acquire the rules of correspondence between letter and sound. The second hypothesis suggests that only the syntactic-semantic cues are used in contextual reading in Portuguese. In this sense, it is expected positive and significant correlation between morphosyntactic awareness and words recognition in context, but not with phonological awareness. The participants were 134 children of both sexes, between 6 and 11 years belonging to the project "Evaluation of psychometric measures of metalinguistic awareness" of the Psychology Department at the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF). There were 73 (54.5%) of these students female and 61 (45.5%) were male, and 30 (22.4%) children were attending the second year, 52 (38.82%) the third year 52 (38.82%) the fourth year. Data were collected from four public schools of Juiz de Fora in the 2nd half of 2009. There were applied the phonological awareness tasks (script by phonological awareness) and awareness morphosyntactic (inflectional analogy, derivational analogy and replication error detection and replication oral, and the TDE: reading subtest to measure reading isolated word and cloze test as an assessment of contextual reading. There were used the WISC III: vocabulary sub-test as a control measure. Applications of tests and tasks selected occurred in special spaces in the schools and were organizes into four periods: three individual and one collective. applications happened in about 50 minutes for each meeting. In the data analyze were used correlation and regression tests. The results provided empirical evidences that both phonological processing as the morphosyntactic are associated with and contribute independently for the reading of texts. This analysis leads us to conclude that in the Portuguese of Brazil phonological awareness as morphosyntactic are important features for reading text.