O direito à moradia: uma análise da provisão habitacional em Viçosa (MG) entre 1964 - 1986

Abstract

Urban and housing issues are one of the great challenges for the Brazilian society. During forty years, especially in the period that extended from 1940 to 1980, the Brazilian population has climbed from rural to predominantly urban condition. This urbanization process took place under the auspices of a urban development model which is segregating. This model deprived the low-income society of basic conditions of urbanity, ie effective insertion in the city. The issue of housing in the context of the contradictions of urban society, is one component of a set of precariousness and exclusion in the living conditions of the working population which is expropriated of its own reproduction. This thesis aimed to analyze the urban space of Viçosa in a given historical moment. The year of 1964 was chosen to begin the investigation of urban interventions of the Banco Nacional de Habitação, which is one of the main promoters of housing policies at this juncture. The analysis extended until 1986, when the bank was extinguished. This research aims to understand the geographical dimension of housing policies conducted in the period 1964-1986 in Viçosa (MG). Seeking to achieve this purpose and other questions raised by the research, it was necessary to go through different methodological approaches that permeated surveys in major newspapers of the city, in the Legislative Assembly, in the collection of the Central Archives and History of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, in consultation of the books UFV eight decades in photos and Viçosa Yesterday and bibliographic records. In Viçosa, the right to the city has been violated through the exaltation of the city-goods, which denied the urban reality as a work of certain historical agents and conceived as a product of only certain actors (land owners, real estate developers and State). Who actually built the city (workers) was not considered as a agent that produces the urban. The dispute of opposing projects has made the right to housing being subtracted for the benefit of private interests and market. This right was also disrespected by denying the city as a place of meeting. The spaces privatization process limited the conviviality and made the need for housing, as the value in use, being subject to the exchange value, trade and profit.