Estado, estruturas políticas e aporias na legitimidade democrática – uma contribuição à luz de leituras marxistas

Abstract

This work is pervaded by the doubt about the civil society’s potential manifestation in political terms through the modern democratic system, understood from a formalistic point of view. Thus, the analysis is taken from Antonio Gramsci’s conception of civil society and its hegemonic mechanisms. Taken into account that, the question that this work tries to answer is: if this society is full of hegemonic possibilities, why does not happen a transformation at the State’s interior when it presents this hegemony in its purest form? In order to assess this issue, the author tries to understand and work with the conception of State by Nicos Poulantzas, that analyzes the State’s potentiality in determining the classes’ conflict originated at a capitalistic organization. The State, meanwhile, is provided with a relative autonomy that enables it to work as an autonomous organism before the system. Because of that, understanding modern democracy only has its meaning if one takes the power exercised by the State in its origin as a primary reference. In the end, the parliamentary democracy, understood in terms of political formalism, depends on the political structure such as the modern State to work in the way it was conceived inside the capitalist system at its origin. The conflicts, thus, tend to be broken up in the democratic field because of the uniformity of their manifestation implied at the representative political conception. As a consequence, among other things, any kind of abrupt transformation at the interior of the democratic same becomes invalid because of the political structure found behind its own organization.