Construção e estudos das qualidades psicométricas da Bateria de Escalas de Violência Escolar – BEVESCO

Abstract

The school violence is a form of interpersonal violence mainly against children and adolescents in physical, sexual, moral, psychological, institutional and virtual forms. But it also involves the community around the school, family, teachers and all those working in the educational process. The phenomenon has no common understanding and since 1950 has been the subject of studies in different fields of knowledge worldwide. These threads try to seek a consensus in understanding the manifestation of these forms of violence in schools, as well as with regard to the attempt to reduce the effects triggered in the lives of those involved. Based on these considerations, the present study aimed to carry out a review of the literature on school violence and on instruments for which was screened in the educational context, especially in the period prescribed in the years 2000 to 2015. The demarcation that period is justified by taking as reference the first research on the subject made in Brazil since the mid 1980s; and the need to find ways in which the phenomenon continued to be investigated and treated in the country. The search for text revision occurred after the election of the most appropriate databases, ie, the collection of relevant texts to the topic under study. This procedure was adopted from the identification of the bases with the website of the Capes Periodicals. The so elected bases were: Web of Science, Dialnet, Redalyc, Lilacs, Eric, GoogleSchoolar, Jstor and PsycInfo. These, after consulting dictionaries descriptors were associated with the terms of school violence or intimidation to the questionnaire; scale; instrument; evaluation and measurement. The goal, therefore, was enumerating the definitions of school violence highlighted in publications and verify the occurrence and use of bullying screening tools and school violence. Were included in this review scientific articles that addressed the issue without any associations to other issues like health problems, developmental, psychiatric or legal. Publications indexed in more than one database and / or relating to monographs, dissertations, thesis and book chapters were not included in the study. For analysis of the texts were used, respectively, the bibliometric study and analysis of the content techniques. The first aims to provide an overview of the number of publications in the period, based on data and authors, used methodologies, knowledge area, site of the search the journal in which the articles were published. The content analysis was used to assess and understand the study of ways and approach to school violence phenomenon; and seek understanding of the strategies adopted by researchers on the subject, in an attempt to define more systematic approaches to subsidies in situations of violence. The search in the databases identified 4278 cataloged publications. With the application of the exclusion criteria, 268 articles were listed for the initial reading summaries. This reading has identified 119 (55.6%) publications use of screening tools reported school violence. The rest (44.4%) consisted of literature reviews and qualitative research techniques involving open interviews, case studies and focus groups. Among other results, the indexed Redalyc 27.1% (76) publications; and Pereira and Fonseca & Veiga represented 2.33% of authorship. The Journal of School Violence e Archives of Scientific Psychology published 12% (32) of the articles. The typological classification research most cited publications were cross-sectional studies, with 35.8% (96). The most cited screening tools were Olweus Bullying Questionnaire and SVS- Vitimization Scale School, both representing 35.5% (50) of the studied texts. Content analysis allowed to classify three publications evaluation categories: (A) the definition of school violence; (B) types of aggressive and violent acts perpetrated and suffered; and (C) psychometric characteristics of school violence screening tools. In category A was predominant tendency to define and understand the phenomenon as a synonym for bullying (53%); in category B, it was found that male subjects tend to be more aggressive perpetrators of acts and violent than females. The types of acts perpetrated most often are the physical, moral, psychological and virtual. The Category C enabled us to verify the predominance of adapted and translated instruments of the English language, which highlights semantic limitations items and therefore may compromise the validity of the construct. The results of this analysis indicate the importance of this issue and the need for further study, especially that are consistent with the social and cultural contexts of Brazil.