Conhecimento ecológico local e sua interferência na conservação da biodiversidade botânica para três comunidades quilombolas residentes em contexto de floresta atlântica

Abstract

The traditional ecological knowledge communities as the Quilombolas, brings considerations about the state of conservation of local species. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the traditional ecological knowledge as the botany sustainability in the Quilombolas communities: São Sebastião da Boa Vista (SSBV), São Bento (SB) and Colônia do Paiol (CP), for further subsidize plan management. We used: approach to community members; ethnobotanical data collection for all purposes; phytosociological data collection in forests; Quantitative analysis with the use of indexes to assess the importance of native species for the local culture and its preservation. Through 21 local experts: 7 of SSBV, 6 in SB and 8 CP; we obtained a list of 212 species SSBV (105 native species), 221 SB (96 native species) and 154 species CP (53 native species). For indexes that evaluated the importance of the species highlighted for SSBV, Dalbergia hortensis Heringer & al. (26 / 2.14) and SB: Piptadenia gonoacantha (Mart.) J.F.Macbr. (3.32 / 1). Based on the maximum conservation priority, SSBV presented 33 species and SB 32, as in CP not be accessed forests. When correlation indexes used, it was found that there is no correlation between the cultural importance of botanical species and their conservations. In CP, access to local forests is currently prohibited by local farmers took possession of such areas. The SSBV forest is predominantly composed of pioneer species and SB of early secondary species. It was concluded that the communities in question hold great knowledge about the use of local botany species; however, there is the need to implement strategies for reforestation, as well as sustainable management of production plan that prioritizes the preservation of certain local species. The reduction of forest areas draws attention to the immediate demarcation of Quilombo lands seeking not only to maintain the local culture, as well as the consequent conservation of flora biodiversity from natural resource management plan used.