Os sentidos do ser-aí-mulher-após-uma-cirurgia-cardíaca sustentados em Heidegger: implicações para a enfermagem

Abstract

Starting from the experience of nursing care to women in perioperative cardiovascular care some concerns have emerged referring this Being after cardiovascular surgery. Underlying this moment there are some gaps related to the study of subjectivities and also related to nurse work performance directed to health promotion, protection and recovery. This study aimed at revealing the meanings of Dasein in this daily routine in order to contribute to the reflection on integrality of health care towards patient who is returning home. A qualitative approach based on Martin Heidegger Phenomenology was selected as research method. The setting was a medium-sized hospital located in Zona da Mata Mineira. Research participants were ten women that had undergone cardiovascular surgery. The Phenomenological interview has been guided by the following question: How is your daily life after surgery? The essential structures were found in the statements during interviews. From these structures the following Signification Units were identified: Physical sensations and health problems are present; There is a feeling of uselessness and limitation caused by the dependence upon others; In some moments the help and support they received were essential; Women were emotional, scared, they have experienced the fear of dying and they have sought faith in God; they expect medical discharge so that they may get back to their normal daily routine. Vague and average understanding has resulted in the main theme which in turn originated the concept of Being towards interpretative analysis. The hermeneutics unveiled a new mode of Being a cardiac woman which was previously unknown to her, announcing her as an impersonal Being through publicity. During this experience this woman feels herself dominated by everyday life either through gossips, curiosity and ambiguity. She experiences decadence from anguish. She fears her own death but she also fears the death of a family member revealing extreme fear, terror and horror. During women's health care health professionals show themselves as inauthentic in many health system settings. It is the medical professional who takes part in several follow-up visits paying attention to biologicist aspects considered insufficient to enable the improvement of subjective issues that may be found in patient's daily activities. This research points out the lack of attitudinal behavior of nurses who have the possibility 10 to work in different scenarios and get from their training and daily experience the tools that may increase visibility of their actions. One of the most important tools are the nursing process, specific theories that must underpin this process as well as legal resolutions to support the conduct of nurses. It is therefore envisaged the application of care methodologies based on humanistic and interactionist theories. In this sense, there is a close contact with Heideggerian phenomenology since this approach encourages the professional to encounter himself/herself, making a move from ontic to ontological level and bringing care back to patients considering their multiple needs.