Avaliação da aptidão física em indivíduos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 usuários da atenção primária à saúde de Juiz de Fora-MG: estudo epidemiológico transversal

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the physical fitness of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) who were users of Primary Health Care (PHC). This is a population-based survey with a probabilistic sample of 101 individuals from 19 Basic Health Units. From 2023 to 2024, sociodemographic, anthropometric, and clinical data were collected from previously recruited participants and functional physical fitness tests were applied. The collected data were stored, tabulated, and subjected to the Chi-Square and Shapiro-Wilk tests. Numerical variables were also evaluated by weighted means distributed in percentiles from 5 to 95 and compared by Tukey's test. In all situations, p < 0.05 was established. Demographically, of the 101 participants aged between 25 and 83 years (mean 61.3  11.2 years), there was a prevalence (Shapiro-Wilk) with a significant difference (p  0.05) for females, married, with complete elementary education and belonging to class E; the proportion of mixed race, black and white people was similar in the study population. Regarding the anthropometric characteristics, medications used and clinical characteristics, it was pointed out that there was no statistically significant difference only for “insulin use” and for “anxiety/insomnia/depression”. A high prevalence of arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, overweight and obesity I, II and III was observed (p  0.05). In the functional tests, it was evident that, in relation to “handgrip strength”, the majority were in the percentiles between 50 and 75%, indicating a strength pattern between “regular” and “adequate levels” (p  0.05); “muscular flexibility” did not reach the expected levels, obtaining “weak” and “below average” levels (p  0.05); as for cardiorespiratory fitness, a significant part of the sample demonstrated levels above the 50% percentile of the predicted (p  0.05), but when stratified into percentiles, these proved viable in the interpretation of the sample, allowing a better understanding in the characterization. The categorization of the physical performance of participants over 65 years old (n = 44) was prevalent for the score “10- 12”, therefore evidencing “high performance” (p  0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that, despite the high prevalence of overweight and obesity, the physical fitness of participants with DM2 who used the APS was within the predicted standards, except for “muscular flexibility”, which was below the expected average. Participants  65 years old showed high categorization in physical performance.