Caracterização da estratégia de ritmo da prova de 1000 metros de atletas mirins do atletismo

Abstract

The change of speed during the middle-distance and long-distance races is known as Pacing Strategy. In athletics, the Olympic track competitions have the PS defined, but in the adolescents athletes (13-15 years), there is a few knowledgement about the the PS of 1000 meters, which is the maximum distance allowed in the category by the Brazilian Athletics Confederation (CBAt) for this age. The aim of the study was to characterize the ER used by adolescents athletes in 1000 meters race. The sample was composed of 82 athletes (41 male and 41 female) who completed the race 1000 m of the Brazilian Championship 2014, with a mean age of 14.33 ± 0.72 years. The filming race was done to data analysis in 100 m sections. ".It was analyzed the following variables, averege speed for each section, and percentual speed related with the most speed through the 1000m running, for each section also (%Vmáx). The sample was divided into 3 groups, sex, age, and running performance. In the general data analysis was notorious the parabolic shaped strategy "inverted J. In the analysis by sex, there was a significant difference between running speed but not in Vmax%, indicating no difference in pacing strategy for female and male athletes. The analysis by age, were divided into two groups (13-14 years and 15 years), among female athletes there was no significant difference between speed and Vmax% in both age groups, indicating that the ER was similar in ages. In male athletes, there was a significant difference in the speed as much as %Vmáx between the two groups, indicating that the ER is different for both groups. The athletes were divided into 3 performance groups (≤14° place vs. 14th -28th place vs.> 28th place), matching the performance groups data, there was a higher significant difference for both speed and the Vmax% in the group 1, indicating that there were differences in ER. In conclusion, adolescents athletes (13-15 years) adopt parabolic shaped Strategy "inverted J". There is a fast start in the initial 200 meters of the race, a decrease of speed until 800 m, then the final acceleration. The %VMáx decrease phase is greater in girls, younger boys and lower performance athletes.