Estudo morfométrico da maxila: avaliação tomográfica para planejamento de cirurgias Le Fort I

Abstract

The posterior maxilla is highly vascularized and with several important anatomical structures. The manipulation of the skull bones during osteotomies Le Fort I may inadvertently cause damage to the vessels and nerves of the region, in addition to reaching the apex of the upper teeth. The objective of this study was to analyze the anatomic variation of the posterior maxilla in a Brazilian subpopulation, considering gender, age, bilateral symmetry and relationship with the upper teeth. It was analyzed a total of 200 examinations of patients in the area of Zona da Mata Minas (Minas Gerais, Brazil), of both genders, with different age groups (up to 30 years; 31-50 years; 51 to 60 years and from 61 years). Sagittal, coronal and axial slices were selected, in which bone linear measurements (M1 to M8) and dental measurements were analyzed. The results indicated that both measures, bone and dental measurements, showed a tendency to bilateral symmetry. The gender of the patient influence on bone measurements, whereas men showed significantly higher values for the M1, M3, M4 and M7 measures. The age group most affected in dental measures than on bone measurements, and individuals of older age groups showed significantly higher values for all evaluated teeth, except for the incisors. For bone measurements, only M3, M6 and M8 were significantly higher than for younger individuals. Correlations between bone measures itself showed no clinically relevant results, however, all correlations between dental measures were significant and positive. A high frequency of root sections for osteotomies was observed with a height of 3 mm above the floor of the nasal cavity, the canine tooth the most frequently injured. These main results provided important information about the anatomy of the posterior maxilla of a Brazilian subpopulation, helping to define a secure protocol for achievement maxillary osteotomies.