Revisão integrativa da literatura sobre o potencial alvo farmacológico do fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-α)

Abstract

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a relevant pharmacological target in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Understanding its role in the pathophysiology of these conditions has driven the development of anti-TNF therapies, resulting in significant advances in clinical management. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the pharmacological potential of TNF-α. This is an integrative literature review based on research from PubMed and SciELO databases, considering publications between 2014 and 2024. The descriptors used were "tumor necrosis factor TNF-α," "TNF-α agonist," "TNF-α antagonist," and "rheumatoid arthritis TNF-α," in both Portuguese and English. 163 articles were identified, of which 20 met the inclusion criteria: original articles, systematic reviews, and clinical trials published in journals classified in strata A and B of the Capes Qualis system. Bibliometric studies and partially published works were excluded. The results showed that TNF-α plays a central role in mediating inflammation and is associated with conditions such as ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn's disease, hidradenitis suppurativa, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, and uveitis. The use of anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibodies, such as infliximab and adalimumab, is highlighted in the treatment of these diseases. Despite their effectiveness, these medications may cause adverse effects, requiring continuous monitoring and therapeutic adjustments. Moreover, genetic variability influences the response to anti-TNF therapies, impacting their efficacy and safety. Thus, personalizing treatment based on genetic markers emerges as a promising strategy to optimize clinical outcomes. Future research should explore new applications of anti-TNF-α agents and evaluate their long-term effects.