A angústia da existência: Clarice Lispector entre o do deus do rato e a hora da estrela

Abstract

This thesis is an exercise in thought that seeks to understand the condition of humanity in the contemporary world from the intersection of references from literature, philosophy and religion. Our aim isto reflect on the extreme vulnerability that characterizes the human situation and that manifests itself both in philosophical reflection and in literary practices that underpin deeply religious worldviews. We begin our work by building up an overview of the issue that interests us. We set Modernity as our horizon and, through it, chose two representatives to exemplify and illustrate our reasoning. Firstly, we briefly discuss the conditions in which Modernity developed, emphasizing the consequences that this development had on the emergence of modern subjectivity and, consequently, on human relations. Next, we present the Danish philosopher Søren Aabye Kierkegaard. Of this thinker's vast oeuvre, we'll focus sparingly on two fundamental concepts that can be found in two different works: anguish and despair, developed respectively in the books “The Concept of Anguish” and “The Sickness of Death”. Although these are the concepts we are most interested in, we consider it convenient to include an analysis of two other books that help us better understand the ideas we would like to clarify. The additional books are “Philosophical crumbs” and “The works of love”. The third part of our thought exercise is to present and analyse the work of the Brazilian writer of Jewish origin, Clarice Lispector. The work will be analysed in two stages: the set of works produced from the beginning of his career until the publication of “The Passion According to G.H.” and a second set of texts ending with “The Hour of the Star”. With the aim of promoting a dialogue between philosophy and literature, our objective is to use the concepts of anguish and despair to better understand some situations that permeate the daily lives of Clarice's characters. At the moment when this dialogue is sketched out, the strongest connection between the philosopher and the writer is a religious one. In this way, our reflection presents some contribution to help think about possibilities of interpretation for the spiritual situation of contemporary humanity