Investimento externo direto e produtividade total dos fatores: uma análise setorial no Brasil (2010-2019)

Abstract

This thesis analyzes the relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Total Factor Productivity (TFP) across 25 sectors of the Brazilian economy from 2010 to 2019, highlighting Brazil as a significant recipient of FDI and TFP as a measure of productive efficiency. The System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM System) is employed to explore sectoral determinants of TFP and the impacts of FDI, accounting for endogeneity and temporal dynamics. The methodology includes the initial estimation of TFP based on the Cobb-Douglas production function and subsequent analysis of FDI effects in conjunction with variables such as workforce, capital, and exports. The results indicate that FDI can enhance TFP by introducing technological innovations and productive capital, although its impacts depend on institutional and sectoral conditions, as well as workforce qualifications. The interaction between FDI and exports showed limited effects, reflecting Brazil’s export concentration in commodities and the low technological integration of export-oriented sectors. Workforce participation, even without high qualifications, demonstrated significant contributions to productivity gains, underscoring the need for public policies focused on education and technological absorption. This thesis contributes to the academic debate on the effects of FDI in developing economies, showing that its benefits rely on a favorable institutional environment and coordinated strategies for technological integration and productive diversification.