Efeito da inovação e difusão tecnológica sobre a mobilidade intersetorial de trabalhadores

Abstract

This thesis is based on the theoretical assumption that the technology distance among industries reduces the probability to intersectoral labor mobility. From the empirical point of view, this paper uses a labor market micro data from Brazilian Ministry of Labor - RAIS-Migra and manufacturing data from Technological Innovation Survey (PINTEC) and input-output tables, both stemming from Brazilian Statistical and Census Office (IBGE), for the years 2003 to 2008. We estimate the multinomial logit and the multinomial logit with random intercepts, via GLLAMM (generalized linear latent and mixed models), for four longitudinal data subsamples, such as skilled and unskilled workers and intensive and non-intensive technology manufacturing industries. The GLLAMM method is not based on the assumption of independence of the irrelevant alternative, and at the same time, it controls for unobservable characteristics. Using both methods, we reach robustness of the results, considering the signs of the estimated coefficients, even though there are differences in their significance and magnitude in some cases. As main results, we find that the technology diffusion increases the chances of a job change in almost all types of mobility for all subsamples. Focusing on technological innovation, there are positive and negative relationships between mobility and innovation. In the first case, it is argued that the assimilation of the knowledge externally produced increases the mobility. In the second case, the innovation makes the worker’s knowledge more specific and therefore increases the technological distance among the industries. It’s worth noticing that the technological variables are more important for skilled workers than for unskilled workers. Furthermore, when analyzing the non-intensive technology industries, a new technology can actually help to reduce the distance between the sectors, so the positive impact of innovation flow occurs when there is a change of both firm and industry.