Avaliação do potencial de contaminação dos mananciais de abastecimento por agrotóxicos no município de Juiz de Fora, MG

Abstract

For many years agriculture and livestock has been established as the main economics strategies in Brazil putting the country as one of the biggest consumers of pesticides in the world. The use of pesticide aims to increase efficiency and reducing losses of productive processes. The agricultural production has a wide cover in Brazil, with crops covering huge extensions all over the country which makes contamination evaluation crucial. In order to evaluate the potential contaminants in a specific region it turns essential to raise information about the watersheds, to know how the land is used, to identify the main cultures cultivated in the area and to study the chemicals dynamics in the environment. This work studies the active chemicals with contaminant potential based on the physical-chemicals properties and taking into account best sellers chemicals in the city of Juiz de Fora. We focused the analyses in the four watersheds that provides water for the region: Ribeirão Espírito Santo, São Pedro, João Penido and Chapéu D’Úvas. Furthermore, we made a four-step study about the main planted cultures and the active ingredients (IA) used on them. After filtering which IA were most relevant, a comparison was made using the sales history of the county of Minas Gerais. Understanding which IA are more used in Juiz de Fora, an evaluation of the environmental dynamic was made. In this evaluation we sought to identify the chemical behavior in the environment and determined the water drinkability. Of the 198 possible cultures, it was determinate that 42 were relevant for the city. In those cultures, we identified 60 active ingredients authorized for them, with considerable sales record in Minas Gerais. Of those 60, 40 of them were selected after the environmental evaluation, had potential contamination risks. For those IA selected, a comparison was made with the current drinking water regulation and 15 of the 40 indicted IA are present in the Portaria 888/2021.