Checklist para implementação de boas práticas no cateterismo intravenoso periférico para terapia antineoplásica em nível ambulatorial: um estudo metodológico

Abstract

Cancer is a disease with rising incidence and mortality rates. In Brazil, an estimated 704,000 new cases are expected annually between 2023 and 2025. Treatment includes surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic therapy with antineoplastic drugs administered through various routes. Systemic therapy, traditionally hospital-based, has now become a reality in outpatient settings, improving quality of life and reducing costs. Administering these treatments requires extensive knowledge from the nursing team, particularly in the use of peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs), which are widely used but present significant challenges, including high failure rates during insertion and risks of complications. Studies show that many issues with PIVCs are preventable, highlighting the importance of applying best practices and available technologies. However, no methodological studies have been published that have developed and validated checklists specifically for antineoplastic therapy in outpatient settings for nursing practice. Moreover, there is a lack of multicenter studies conducted in outpatient settings that analyze antineoplastic therapy administered via peripheral intravenous catheters and the complications arising from the use of these devices. This lack of research fragments practices and prevents the consolidation of essential nursing practices into a single context. Thus, the objective of this study is to develop and validate a checklist for the implementation of best practices in peripheral intravenous catheterization for antineoplastic therapy in outpatient settings. The adopted methodology was a descriptive, methodological study carried out in three stages: a literature review, instrument development, and validation of psychometric properties. The scoping review followed the guidelines of the JBI and the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews: Checklist and Explanation (PRISMA-ScR), and its protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework. Following this, eight expert judges were included to validate the content, and a validation with target audience was conducted with 49 nurses. Content validity coefficient, exploratory factor analysis, and internal reliability, assessed through McDonald’s Omega and Cronbach’s Alpha tests, were used. Among the results, it is noteworthy that the conceptual structure underpinning the instrument’s development was established through the scoping review, which identified six categories via simple content analysis. In the validation process, the content validity coefficient was 0.99, and 12 eigenvalues above one were identified. Six factors were found to account for 42.6% of the total variance. The instrument proved to be reliable, with scores of 0.70 for McDonald’s Omega and 0.79 for Cronbach’s Alpha. Therefore, it is concluded that the instrument was developed, proving to be valid and reliable for guiding best nursing practices related to peripheral intravenous catheterization for antineoplastic therapy in outpatient settings through a checklist.