Doença falciforme: um olhar sobre a assistência prestada na rede pública estadual – Hemocentro Regional de Juiz de Fora

Abstract

Hemoglobinopathies are the most frequent genetic disease in humans, and sickle cell disease (SCD), especially for sickle cell anemia, the most clinical impact, social and epidemiological. Due to the racial characteristics of Brazil these genetic disorders now represent a serious public health problem. Minas Gerais through the Foundation Center of Hematology (Hemominas) is pioneer in implementing a policy of care for patients with SCD, and since 1998 the disease was included in newborn screening (NS), while in this National Program Binding occurred only after 2001. In Brazil, the 27 states only 18 do the NS to perform the SCD. The implementation of an early screening for hemoglobinopathies is not in itself guarantee the success of the program, it is necessary to constantly monitor the care net SCD, to evaluate and promote improvement since the primary health care, with the "Guthrie test" to the treatment services of greater complexity. This is a quantitative study aimed to evaluate the space between the chronological stages of NS, as well as the frequency and socioeconomic characteristics of the cases of patients with SCD enrolled in Regional Blood Center of Juiz de Fora (RBCJF) - Hemominas during the period 1998 to 2007. The proposed period, were screened in Minas Gerais 2,549,097 newborns, and that 210,696 newborns in 34 cities that reference the RBCJF as a center for treatment of SCD. The cities that best represent the incidence of SCD are state Juiz de Fora and Uba. From these children with SCD did not differ between genders. Regarding the hematological profile of RBCJF accompanied by (n = 109) to HbSS was present in 42.2% patients, HBFCs by 27.5% to 23.8% and HbFS HbS / B thalassemia in 6.4 %, the percentage of boys HbSS 48.2% to 35.8% HbSS girls. Most families reported living with family income less than one minimum wage per month (37%). Regarding the source of income was identified as the father works with a formal contract in 44.9% and mothers in only 18.3%. In 7.33% of families the father is unemployed and mothers in 32.1%, a fact that reinforces the social vulnerability of children with SCD. Another important aspect is the presence of SCD in more than one child in the family, noting the presence of 56% of the siblings with the disease, and this, in 41% the diagnosis is sickle cell anemia. As for the sickle cell trait, 36.7% have at least one child with sickle cell trait and 6.4% were unaware of the presence of the trait among the siblings of children interviewed, which demonstrates the need for guidance to parents about family planning. The space between the chronological collection of blood and register for RCBJF was 17 days, a period considered ideal. As a product of the research, we obtained a greater knowledge of comprehensive attention to SCD RCBJF implemented by providing a broader understanding of the situation in our state of the SCD in trying to promote in the near future planning policies and other actions that may help reduce morbidity and improve quality of life of sickle cell patients. Moreover, as the National Program for NS is in some Brazilian states in the initial deployment, greatly contribute to this initiative a wide dissemination of studies, so that prevention and control measures are best implemented.