Avaliação de canais radiculares em "C": estudo transversal em exames de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico

Abstract

The "C" shaped canals are a type of anatomical variations in root canals that are common, and can hinder endodontic treatment and influence the success of this treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of C- shaped canals in premolars and mandibular molars, by means of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), and to classify them into cervical, middle and apical root thirds. CBCT scans of 279 patients (n = 2232 teeth) were evaluated by two examiners. Data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, chi-square test and binary logistic regression using the JAMOVI software at 5%. Sixty-six teeth (3%) had C-shaped canals, 51 (77%) in molars, and 15 (23%) in premolars. Second molars were the most affected teeth, 26 in tooth 37 and 24 in tooth 47. Patients with "C" premolars were 3.51 times more likely (odds-ratio) (p<0.001) to have a "C" molar. There was no difference in the frequencies of the "C" canals between the right and left sides, nor between men and women. Regarding the evaluation as a function of the root thirds, 75.75% (n = 50) of the teeth with "C" canals presented this variation in the cervical root third, and 100% (n = 66) presented this variation in the middle and apical root thirds. There was a significant difference in the frequency of the types of "C" root canal in the different root thirds (p<0.001). The most frequent type in the cervical third was C1 (82%, n = 41). In the middle third was C1 (46.97%, n = 31), followed by C2 (36.36%, n = 24). In the apical third, it was type C4 (34.84%, n = 23), followed by C2 (31.81%, n = 21). It is concluded, therefore, that there is a low prevalence in the subpopulation analyzed, which is related to the varied complexity in the morphology of the root canals in relation to the different thirds analyzed.