Associação entre a COVID-19 e a periodontite: uma revisão narrativa

Abstract

The SARS-CoV-2 virus detected in 2019 in China was responsible for the pandemic of the new Coronavirus, which culminated in several serious cases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome, corroborating the overload of health system due to hospital admission, the need for assisted ventilation and numerous cases of death. It is known that the pathogenesis of such a viral disease involves an exacerbated inflammatory response, which can culminate in the "Cytokine Storm", in which the victim already weakened by other pathologies involving the inflammatory pathway, considered comorbidities, can progress to severe cases of COVID-19. Therefore, the hypothesis arises that periodontitis - involved in the development of systemic inflammation and excessive expression of cytokines - can act as a facilitator of SARS-CoV-2 infection, in addition to favoring complications resulting from the severe form of COVID-19, in a analyze data, hypotheses, and clinical reports involving the association between periodontitis and coronavirus. Thus, the selection of articles was carried out using the Pubmed database following the search strategy using the descriptors: (COVID-19[Mesh] or SARS-CoV-2[Mesh]) AND (Periodontitis [Mesh] or Periodontal Disease [Mesh]). Thus, through the online platform Rayyan, all 104 articles were analyzed according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 articles were included. Thus, it was understood that periodontitis can be associated with the coronavirus through common cellular, genetic, and immunological pathways, in addition to the action of periodontopathogenic bacteria that can favor infection. Another factor that indicates proof of association is that periodontitis, especially in a more advanced stage, can potentiate complications from COVID-19, whose relatioship insists even after the removal of confounding factors - such as common comoerbidities. This contributed to the hupothesis that the coronavirus can also impact periodontitis, due to the similarity of factors that motivate inflammation. Based on the studies included in the present review, a positive, bidirectional association between COVID and Periodontitis is suggested. However, studies after immunization are needed.