A natureza da temporalidade entre crítica e metafísica: Bergson avaliando Kant

Abstract

In the first half of the 20th century, the discussion about the nature of time gained prominence following the clash between a physicist and a philosopher, Einstein and Bergson. The latter's long deliberations in the construction of his ontology of time, however, had another philosopher as the protagonist interlocutor: Immanuel Kant. Since Kant's influence on the issue that became central in Bergsonian philosophy (the nature of time) proves to be significant, this project aims to investigate the boundaries between the thoughts of both authors on temporal reality based on the construction of proposed by the French philosopher in the Essay, Matter and Memory and Creative Evolution. This is a context in which the Critique of pure reason both brought new perspectives to the possibility of metaphysics as well as reactions in defense of it and in contestation of the consequences of critical theory. At this juncture, Bergson, insofar as he attributes a vital dimension to temporality, contests Kant's epistemology both with regard to the notion of time as a form of sensitive intuition and with regard to the postulation of the inaccessibility of the real. Bergson's criticisms take a new look at the backdrop of widespread antagonistic interpretations of transcendental idealism.