A elucidação de casos criminais a partir das análises forenses: uma análise das técnicas utilizadas mundialmente em crimes

Abstract

Forensic analysis consists of a set of scientific and technological processes designed to elucidate crimes, providing essential support for criminal investigations. Evidence of crime is examined in forensic laboratories through the work of criminal scientists using techniques in areas such as toxicology and forensic genetics. With this in mind, the aim of this work was to carry out a worldwide analysis of crime reports in order to detail these crimes and the techniques used to solve them. The research was carried out by searching scientific articles available in databases such as Scielo, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Europe PMC and PubMed, as well as official agency websites and books, between 2004 and 2024. In general, developed countries report more crimes and do so in a more comprehensively, specifying not only how the crimes have been committed, but also the analytical methods used. The most common crimes were those facilitated by drugs, and the most common technique used in the overwhelming majority of articles was liquid chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS). The study revealed a lack of information on the cases and forensic techniques used in Brazilian forensic crime, in contrast to reports from other countries. Finally, it was possible to conclude the importance of forensic analysis in solving crimes through the work performed by criminal experts and the forensic techniques employed.