Sobrevivência e fatores de risco associados a implantes cuneiformes angulados: estudo retrospectivo

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze retrospectively the survival rate of wedge-shaped angled implants over a long-term follow-up period and to identify factors that affect this survival. The charts and radiographs of all patients who received wedge-shaped angled implants between 1992 and 2011 were examined according to the following criteria: age, gender, tobacco smoking habbit, previous periodontal disease, systemic conditions; location, diameter, length and angulation of the implant, time of placing, loading and last follow-ups; adaptative procedures and type of prosthesis. Survival wan analysed by Kaplan-Meier method, as well as identification of risk factors. Based on the univariate analyses results, risk factors where also identified by Cox regression method. Of the implants reviewed, 461 in 120 patients (55 mens and 65 womans) met the criteria for inclusion in this study. Mean survival was of 148.6±3.9 months. Global cumulative survival rates where 95.2% and 92.1% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Location (P = .017), diameter (P = .044) and angle (P = .024) were identified as significative risk factor for implant loss at the univariate analysis. At the multivariate analysis, only the location remained significative. Wedge-shaped angled implants are intended to be used in situations that the use of standard dimesions straight implants are not possible. So, although their survival rates are similar, wedge-shaped angled implants survival must be compared to those straight implants, but to the success of reconstrutive procedures or alternative methods like extra-short implants. Wedge-shaped implants represent an effective alternative to sites that are not indicated to standard straight implants placement. Due to results caractheristics and clinical implications, only location was considered as a significant risk factor for implant survival.