Introdução à teoria MOND e teoria do potencial

Abstract

In the early 1930s, swiss physicist Fritz Zwicky had the idea of calculating the mass of the COMA galaxy cluster. He recorded an interesting problem: the amount of matter needed for the cluster to have the dynamics confirmed by observational data was much lower than the amount found in his calculations. He called this missing mass “dark matter”, since it could not be detected through any band of the electromagnetic spectrum, only through gravitational interactions. Years later, an astronomer named Vera Rubin, when analyzing the rotation curves of several spiral galaxies, reached the same conclusion as Zwicky, a fact that revived the problem of dark matter. But as it has not yet been detected except through gravitational interaction, attempts to explain the phenomenon have emerged. In this work we present models that try to explain this

phenomenon. We introduce the MOND Theory (“Modified Newtonian Dynamics Theory”), which was proposed by the israeli physicist Mordehai Milgrom, which is a model that proposes altering newtonian dynamics. And we present an introduction to another very useful tool in the study of galactic dynamics, which is Potential Theory, which aims to describe the dynamics in a deeper and more analytical way.