Interação do setor de serviços com os demais setores da economia: uma análise de insumo-produto (2000-2005)

Abstract

For centuries, the service sector was considered unproductive by most authors. However, in the mid-twentieth century, when its share in terms of GDP and employment increased in several countries, its importance began to be perceived. Despite the fact that this sector represents more than two thirds of Brazil's GDP, some authors have been questioning how is measured the share of sectors, as it is not clear which is the real contribution that the service sector provides to other sectors in the economy. Using the input-output methodology, this study aims to measure the real participation of the service sectors in the economy. For that, some activities of the service sectors in the input-output matrices for the years 2000 and 2005 were disaggregated. Thus, a contribution of this paper is the possibility to analyze the service sector in a more detailed form, ie, using activities that does not have their inter-and intra-sectoral flows disclosed in disaggregated form even though they have significant contributions in the Product. To achieve this goal, we used data from the Pesquisa Anual de Serviços (PAS) and so that the input-output matrix stay consistent, we applied the RAS method. The disaggregated matrix was composed of 65 sectors of the economy, 24 being service sectors. From the matrix it was possible to calculate, for the Brazilian economy, the output and employment multipliers, and the production chain for the years 2000 and 2005. It was observed that service sectors have had a high employment creation capability and a low product generation capacity. It is worth mentioning the absence of service sectors as key sector in the economy at the two years surveyed. Most of the service sectors have a low power of sale and purchase of inputs from the remaining sectors of the economy, and in most cases, buying and selling are concentrated in few sectors. It was shown that the links within the service sectors were below the economy's average, while the links between the industrial sectors were very strong. When the service sectors were hypothetically removed from the economy, it was noted that their impacts were higher in the industrial sectors' product, proving the importance of service sectors to the economy, mainly to the industrial sectors.