Financiamento às exportações: uma análise setorial e regional dos recursos de créditos do Proex e BNDES-Exim no Brasil

Abstract

This study analyzes the credit resources from the Export Financing Program (PROEX) and the Export-Import Program (Financing for the production and export of Brazilian goods and services) of the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES-EXIM) in Brazil, public policies to stimulate exports. The aim is to examine the manifestation of these programs in the sectoral and regional scope, considering existing divergences. The literature review provides the conceptual and historical foundation of the topic, followed by an analysis of the evolution of these programs, and the description of each. The methodology focuses on sectoral and regional analysis from 2010 to 2016, using official reports, government data, and financial institutions' data. Observations and descriptive analyses are made on graphs derived from data tables. Contribution values and profiles of the enterprises are highlighted. The dimensions of national distribution, in their qualitative and quantitative aspects, are elucidated, as well as the sectors covered. Results reveal regional disparities, indicating the need for specific strategies for less favored areas. The sectoral analysis emphasizes the allocation in different sectors and the importance of industrialization, with an emphasis on Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Final considerations address impacts on competitiveness and suggest expansion and improvement of the programs to effectively contribute to the socioeconomic development of the country.