O papel das empresas concessionárias do setor ferroviário de carga no sistema produtivo brasileiro

Abstract

Private freight railway concessionaires in Brazil operate under the responsibility of the Public Authority, which grants cargo transportation by railways. The National Transportation Agency (ANTT) is responsible for regulating and overseeing the sector. Between 1997 and 2011, there was significant growth in the provision of this service (117% in TKU), accompanied by private investments. The freight rail transport is energy-efficient and plays an important role in the export of minerals and agricultural commodities. The Railway Development Program (2022) and the renewal of concession contracts (from 2020) have also driven the evolution of Brazilian railways, opening up opportunities for increased production by operators through private investments. This monograph aims to evaluate the effects of forward and backward interactions between concessionaire companies and the Brazilian economy. These effects were calculated using the 2015 Brazilian input-output matrix published by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and involved the use of a disaggregated matrix by companies for freight rail transport, in collaboration with the research group Laboratory of Territorial and Sectoral Analysis (LATES). The structural and comparative analysis of companies was conducted using a hypothetical extraction technique in an input-output model. The results revealed that the Brazilian economy was more dependent on the supply than the demand for freight rail transport services. Estrada Ferro Carajás (EFC - Vale), Vitória à Minas (EFVM - Vale), and MRS Logística were identified as the most important companies for national Gross Production Value (VBP) in 2015. The simulation of supply extraction resulted in higher expected losses for activities related to Food and Beverages (S12); Semi-finished, flat, long, and tubular steel products (S21); and Iron Ore (S9). The supply from Rumo Malha Norte (RMN) was more important for sectors such as Food and Beverages; Miscellaneous Services (S46); and Beef and other meat products (S11), while Semi-finished, flat, long, and tubular steel products; Iron Ore; Construction (S28); and Metallurgical products (S22) showed greater dependence on transport services provided by EFC. Based on these considerations, it is possible to establish railway development policies that are based on these aspects. One way for the government to incentivize this would be to implement mechanisms that strengthen existing interactions and aim to expand the dissemination of these effects in the territory.