O uso de membranas na regeneração óssea guiada

Abstract

Post-extraction crestal bone resorption is common and unavoidable, however, this often interferes with dental implant placement in a desired position. Therefore, there is often a need for additional bone augmentation procedures and a technique frequently used is Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR). GBR is a surgical procedure that uses barrier membranes with or without particulate bone grafts or/and bone substitutes. The objective of this study is to review the literature regarding the different types of barrier membranes used for GBR. A search for articles was carried out, in English, using a PubMed database, from 2006 to 2022. The barrier membranes commercially available are divided into resorbable and non-resorbable membranes. The bioresorbable materials used as membranes belong to the groups of natural or synthetic polymers, like polymeric membranes and collagen membranes. The non-resorbable membranes can be divided in expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE), high-density polytetrafluoroethylene (d-PTFE), titanium mesh and titanium-reinforced PTFE. Each of them has its advantages and disadvantages and it is up to the clinician to consider anatomical, clinical and patientrelated factors that influence treatment results to choose the most appropriate membrane for each case, in addition to presenting a complete understanding of the benefits of each one.