Comportamento pressórico e vascular durante o exercício físico em pessoas com histórico familiar de diabetes: papel do metaborreflexo muscular

Abstract

Introduction: Individuals with type 2 diabetes show impaired blood pressure and vascular responses during exercise compared to their counterparts without diabetes. Therefore, it is important to understand the integrity of these systems in individuals with a high risk for developing diabetes, namely, offspring of type 2 diabetes parents during exercise. Objective: To evaluate the blood pressure and vascular responses during isometric exercise and the muscle metaboreflex of blood pressure in offspring of type 2 diabetes parents compared to their counterparts without offspring of type 2 diabetes parents. Methods: A controlled experimental trial was conducted. The sample consisted of normoglycemic individuals, including offspring of type 2 diabetes parents and individuals without a family history of diabetes. The blood pressure, heart rate, and muscle blood flow were simultaneously recorded for three minutes at baseline, followed by three minutes of isometric resistance exercise at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction. Vascular conductance was calculated by dividing muscle blood flow by mean arterial pressure, multiplied by 100 and expressed in "units." For an isolated assesment of the muscle metaboreflex, circulatory occlusion was performed for two minutes. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was conducted to test for possible differences between groups for all variables at baseline and during exercise. A significance level of p<0.05 was adopted. Results: Twenty-four normoglycemic individuals were recruited, divided into two groups: 12 offspring of type 2 diabetes parents and 12 individuals without a family history of diabetes, paired by age (30.92±4.87 vs. 28.42±5.43 years old, p=0.248), respectively. For all variables, both groups showed similar values at baseline and significantly increased and similarly during exercise, with no differences between the groups. Furthermore, for the muscle metaboreflex, systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure values were similar and significantly increased compared to baseline in both groups. Conclusion: The blood pressure, vascular and muscle metaboreflex responses are preserved in offspring of type 2 diabetes parents during exercise compared to their counterparts without offspring of type 2 diabetes parents.