Geração de empregos por nível de renda nos setores da economia mineira

Abstract

The objective of this research was to analyze the generation of jobs by income level in the sectors of the Minas Gerais economy. For this purpose, workers were divided into three income brackets: low income (up to 1.5 minimum wages), medium income (1.5 to 3 wages), and high income (3 or more wages). The input-output method was used, based on the matrix developed by the João Pinheiro Foundation with the 2016 base year. Additionally, tests of the Rasmussen-Hirschman indices were conducted for both forward and backward linkages of the sectors, aiming to identify the key sectors of the economy in the state. Employment multipliers were also calculated by income level. The analysis identified 4 key sectors in the economy of Minas Gerais. Furthermore, through the multipliers, shocks were applied to the final demand, and it was observed that the low-income class is the one that generates the most employment, particularly in the Domestic Services sector. The conclusion found is that the sectoral disparities in the constitution of formal employment by category are significant, as well as disparities in wages between sectors of the same category. Therefore, it would be necessary to implement public policies aimed at improving these disparities.