Leishmaniose mucosa: revisão integrativa de casos e série de casos clínicos

Abstract

Leishmaniasis is an anthropozoonosis considered a serious public health problem and represents a complex of diseases with significant clinical spectrum and epidemiological diversity. Objective: To carry out an integrative literature review that describes clinical situations of oral and nasopharynx mucosal leishmaniasis and to contribute to future clinical decisions related to this topic. Study Design: A literature search was performed in Scopus, Embase, and PubMed electronic databases by combining the descriptors "Mucocutaneous", "Tegumentar", "Oral Cavity", "maxilla"," Leishmaniasis" with the following criteria: English language, series, and reports of clinical cases of mucosal leishmaniasis involving oral and nasopharynx mucosa and full access to the article. Results: The initial search resulted in 5.513 articles, however, only 268 studies met the inclusion criteria. 627 clinical cases were analyzed, recording a higher prevalence in males (64,75%), mean age 44,7 years, nasal mucosa was the most affected site. Immunosuppression was cited as a possible predisposing factor. Most of the cases had obtained cure, amphotericin B was the drug of choice. In addition, pain was the most reported symptom Conclusion: A correct diagnosis is essential to conduct the treatment of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, as the use of inappropriate drugs and duration of therapy reduces the possibility of clinical success. It is also noteworthy that the patient should be followed up after the regression of symptoms due to the possibility of recurrence of the lesion.