Associação da qualidade do sono de adolescentes com o perfil antropométrico, clínico e bioquímico

Abstract

Objective: to evaluate the quality of sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness and its association with metabolic risks in adolescents between 14 and 19 years old in the city of Juiz de Fora/MG. Materials and methods: this is a cross-sectional study and is part of the research project called Adolescent Lifestyle (EVA-JF Study) developed in the city of Juiz de Fora. Data collection included participants between 14 and 19 years of age, of both sexes, enrolled in public schools in the municipality. Anthropometric and body composition, clinical and biochemical variables conducted at the school institutions were collected. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality, and the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) was used to assess excessive daytime sleepiness. Statistical analyzes were performed using the SPSS® software (version 21.0). To characterize the sample, continuous variables were expressed as measures of central tendency and dispersion values (standard deviation, minimum, maximum and/or interquartile range); nominal variables were expressed as percentages. To compare the differences between the proportions of the outcome studied for independent samples, Pearson's chi-square test (without correction) or Fisher's exact test (when applicable) was performed. In cases of considerable asymmetry in the data, the Wilcoxon test was applied. Results: 835 students (480 girls and 355 boys) participated in the study. The average age was 16.13 years. 28.1% of the adolescents were overweight and almost 10% were obese. 84.2% were normotensive and 1.4% in stage 2 for hypertension. With regard to blood glucose, 98.2% showed no change. Regarding the questionnaire to assess excessive daytime sleepiness, girls were 73% more likely to have daytime sleepiness than boys, and adolescents aged over 15 years were 36% more likely to have high scores than those younger than 15 years. The variable that showed an association with poor sleep quality was the percentage of body fat (OR = 1.75 - 95% CI: 1.09; 2.81), that is, adolescents who had a percentage of body fat > 21% revealed 75% higher chance of elevated PSQI. Conclusion: it is essential to assess the degree of impairment of sleep quality and the frequency of complaints of sleep disorders, as it will be possible to suggest the establishment of routines.