Relação entre capacidade antioxidante da dieta, depressão e sono em graduados brasileiros-estudo cume

Abstract

Introduction: The Brazilian population is experiencing a major demographic and epidemiological transition, linked to these changes, the incidence of mental disorders such as depression has been increasing. In fact, baseline data from the Cohort of Universities of Minas Gerais (CUME Study) show a high prevalence of depression among its participants. Changes in sleep are also increasing in the general population, being both a consequence and a risk factor for depression. Since oxidative stress can contribute to the worsening of these conditions, a higher Dietary Antioxidant Capacity (dTAC) could act as a protective factor for these comorbidities. General Objective: To evaluate the relationship between dTAC, depression and sleep in participants of the CUME cohort. Methodology: The CUME study is an open cohort with graduates from federal institutions of higher education in the state of Minas Gerais. The first baseline data collection took place in the year 2016. The baseline questionnaire (Q_0) included questions related to sociodemographic, anthropometric, lifestyle, and health aspects, in addition to a food consumption frequency questionnaire (FFQ) validated for the study population. The follow-up questionnaires are given every two years (Q_2, Q_4...) and present questions related to changes in lifestyle, food consumption, and changes in health in relation to the baseline collection. At each collection follow-up new potential participants receive the invitation to answer Q_0. Likewise, new Federal Universities in the state of Minas Gerais are invited to participate in the study. Two studies were carried out, one with a cross-sectional approach and the other with a longitudinal approach, with participants from the CUME cohort. The dTAC was obtained by the Iron Reduction Antioxidant Power (FRAP) method, using the FFQ data applied at baseline. For greater sensitivity of the analysis, the values of Total Antioxidant Capacity of food groups (TACfg) were also calculated. The cross-sectional study was performed using baseline data from the CUME cohort. Sleep time was classified as very short/short sleep (≤ 6 hours per night), normal sleep (7-8 hours per night), and long sleep (≥ 9 hours per night). To estimate the Odds Ratio and 95% Confidence Interval between very short/short sleep and long sleep with TACd and TACfg quartiles, multinomial logistic regression models were used, adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle variables. In the longitudinal study, the incidence of depression was estimated by self-reported medical diagnosis of depression during the years of follow-up of the cohort. Cox regression models were used to associate the dTAC and TACfg quartiles with the incidence of depression. Results: In the cross-sectional study, the sample consisted of 6,387 graduates, the average age of participants was 35.32 ± 9.29 years and 67.87% of them were female (n= 4,335). A lower odds ratio of very short/short sleep was observed only for the second quartile of dTAC compared to the first. Inverse associations with very short/short sleep were observed for TACfg of fruits, beans and lentils, legumes and vegetables, and oils and fats. Greater chances of very short/short sleep were observed for the highest TACfg for the teas and coffees group. For long sleep, inverse associations were observed for the highest TACfg quartile of oilseeds and for the third quartile of teas and coffees in relation to the first quartile. The longitudinal study sample consisted of 2,572 participants, the mean follow-up time was 2.96±1.00 years, and 246 cases of depression were observed (32.3/1,000 person-years). No associations were observed between higher dTAC and lower risk of developing depression after adjusting for potential confounders. The incidence of depression was inversely associated with TACfg of beans and lentils. The TACfg of the "Junk Food" group was positively associated with a higher incidence of depression after all adjustments. Conclusions: Our findings do not support an association between dTAC and the incidence of depression and sleep time in a highly educated Brazilian population. However, important associations between TACfg of beans and "Junk food" were observed for the incidence of depression. Likewise, sleep time was associated with TACfg for foods such as beans and lentils, fruits, vegetables, tea and coffee, oilseeds and oils and fats. The results presented here show the importance of considering the food matrix in which antioxidants are inserted. Thus, antioxidants included within a healthy eating pattern can be beneficial for sleep and mental health, and further studies are needed to confirm these findings.