Estado-nação e governabilidade política na Guiné-Bissau: uma leitura decolonial

Abstract

This work aimed to discuss the nation state in Guinea-Bissau. It is difficult to highlight an exact moment of the birth of a nation, however, we can discuss the characteristics of premodernity and modernity, which are related to the nation-state. We elucidate that the structure of the current global policy is built and represented in this society that is coherently structured, Euro-American, modern, patriarchal, sexist, Christian, capitalist, hegemonic, dominated by the imperial power structure that still exerts influence in post-colonized countries. Taking the formation of the Guinea-Bissau nation-state as a starting point, we present the role of the border, ethnic issues, the problem of the Guinean language, the armed forces, civil society, the histories, memories and constitutive myths of the Guinean State. We highlight the reform of the Constitution in 1993, which made many changes in the functioning of institutions, including the introduction of the semi-presidential system. We show that this reform was the beginning of a new phase in the nation-state in Guinea-Bissau, with the institution of democracy. We are currently detaining in order to highlight the solutions, challenges and dilemmas faced in Guinea-Bissau. The dissertation highlights the presidency of José Mario Vaz (2014-2019), who was the first elected head of state to complete the term, although it was marked by political crisis. In order to understand the reasons that allowed the presidential mandate to be complied with, this paper analyzed ECOWAS's actions in Guinea- Bissau, arguing that this institution played a mediating role that was fundamental in solving the political crisis.