Avaliação psicomotora em idosas com disfunções pélvicas

Abstract

Psychomotricity is a field of study that addresses the person in their emotional, cognitive, and motor aspects. It includes body and mind in an interconnected way, through body mediation, with the prevention, promotion, and intervention actions, at an educational and socio-educational scope throughout the human development process. Gerontopsicomotricity is an area within Psychomotricity that studies the characteristics of human aging, seeking to understand it continuously and working with psychomotor skills to promote healthy aging. In this context, it is important to understand female aging with this view, as it is a phase of a woman's life with significant both physical and psychological changes, which intensify with menopause. These changes directly affect the Pelvic Health of these women, causing dysfunctions that impair their quality of life, such as urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, constipation, anal incontinence, and pelvic pain. The high rate of pelvic dysfunctions during female aging has brought the urgent need to associate and include this area within Gerontopsychomotricity since the mind and body cannot be studied, evaluated, and treated separately. The objective of this thesis was to present a new area of expertise, Pelvic Psychomotricity, focusing on psychomotor assessment, for elderly women who have pelvic floor disorders. An observational study was carried out, with a transversal and quantitative approach, in women with pelvic dysfunctions referred to the Outpatient Physiotherapy Service, of the Multiprofessional Unit of the HU-UFJF. The Geronto Psychomotor Examination, the Examination of Sensory and Muscular Functions of the Pelvic Floor, and the Pelvic Psychomotor Assessment were applied. All statistical analyzes were performed using the JAMOVI software, version 2.2.5. Sixty-eight women were evaluated, with a mean age of 67.3 (± 5.52) years, most of them have little schooling, are married, had 1 to 3 children, and presented urinary incontinence and constipation as the most prevalent disorders. The research variables showed non-normal data distribution, obtained by the Shapiro-Wilk test, and due to this, the Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis, and Spearman correlation tests were applied almost entirely. It was observed that age was a factor that directly affected the psychomotor capacity and the number of pelvic dysfunctions, that is, the older ones had the worst performance. When observing the characteristics of the psychomotor assessment, in almost all the criteria the score was low, except for control and pelvic 10 pain, which showed positive values in the face of the health problem. In addition, it was observed that women have low scores in the following domains: body knowledge, body conscience, attentional process, temporality, mobility, strength, and resistance. This new area, Pelvic Psychomotricity, related all the important characteristics of Psychomotricity, aging, and Pelvic Health, allowing us to approach this period of a woman's life more completely. In this way, it was possible to elaborate an intervention that works with the development of corporeality, in the structuring of thought, in the organization of functional, communicative, and relational motricity, in the regulation of behavior, and in the integration of sensations and perceptions.