Abordagens fisioterapêuticas em terapia intensiva utilizadas no cuidado com o paciente hospitalizado infectado pelo corona vírus (COVID-19)

Abstract

Introduction: The SARS-CoV-2 virus was first identified in China in 2019 and has spread rapidly to many countries around the world. Because it is a new disease, in which the physiotherapist acts as one of the professionals on the front line and, due to the lack of randomized clinical trials that could guide clinical practice, the need for information that could help in decision-making became evident. Thus, the need of scientific evidence in this context occurred on an emergency basis, which translates into a gap of the most effective physiotherapeutic techniques for the treatment of critically ill patients infected with the New coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). In this scenario, to assist in the management and treatment of critically ill patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, health professionals in several countries have published guidelines based mainly on experiences acquired in clinical practice. Objective: to Conduct a narrative review of the literature to identify the physiotherapeutic procedures used in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for the treatment of critically ill patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2. Methods: A search was carried out for guidelines, recommendations and consensuses published between December 2019 and September 2022 in the databases of the Pubmed, Pedro, Cochrane and Lilacs platforms that dealt with the physiotherapeutic conducts used in intensive care in the care of patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2. Results: five main themes were raised by the authors: respiratory physiotherapy techniques and resources; oxygen therapy and ventilatory support; weaning from ventilatory support; positioning, early mobilization and physical exercises; prone position. Conclusion: In this review, it was possible to identify studies that bring information motivated by the discoveries and recommendations of professionals around the world, as well as important suggestions that help physiotherapists to guide their clinical practice and decision-making for patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU.