Consequências da mucosite oral no tratamento para o câncer de cabeça e pescoço no hospital Bom Samaritano - MG.

Abstract

Among the complications in the oral cavity resulting from treatment for head and neck cancer, the most frequent and most severe is oral mucositis, an acute inflammation of the oral mucosa. Approximately 80% of patients who treat cancer with radiotherapy in the head and neck region are affected by mucositis, which can impair swallowing, chewing and speech, in addition to functioning as a gateway to opportunistic infections. In severe cases, it may result in the need to discontinue treatment, negatively influencing the prognosis of the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the consequences of oral mucositis in the treatment of head and neck cancer in a reference center - Oncology Sector of the Bom Samaritano Hospital - in the city of Governador Valadares - MG. After analyzing the medical records, it was possible to observe that 134 patients were diagnosed and treated with cancer in the h ead and neck region between July 2019 and November 2020. Of the 134 cases, 124 (92.5%) patients were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma and 10 (7.5%) patients were diagnosed with other types of malignant neoplasms, 76.86% of the patients were male and the mean age was 61 years. Regarding harmful habits, we observed that 113 (84%) patients were smokers at the time of diagnosis or had already been exposed to tobacco at some point in their lives, 94 (70%) patients were alcoholics or had already been exposed to alcohol at some point in their lives. some time in their lives. Of the 113 patients identified as smokers, 37 (33%) continued to smoke during treatment. Regarding oral mucositis, 70 patients manifested the complication during treatment, and in 38 (54.3%) cases there was a need to interrupt the treatment. A total of 21 (30%) cases of oral mucositis occurred in patients who continued to smoke during treatment. Of the 134 cases, 55 died during treatment, and of these, 18 (32%) were in patients who had their treatment suspended due to mucositis. According to our results, it was possible to conclude that oral mucositis is still a significant complication of treatment for head and neck cancer.