Avanços e desafios do sistema de cotas raciais em instituições brasileiras e públicas federais de ensino superior e a odontologia: uma revisão narrativa

Abstract

Based on Law no 12.711, which regulates the mandatory quota system in federal institutions of higher education in Brazil and based on the understanding of the origin of the inequalities of opportunities between blacks and whites in Brazil, a through a narrative literature review, this research. Its objective is to analyze the effectiveness (advances and challenges) of the racial quota system in federal and Brazilian public institutions of higher education, and to suggest the need for further reflection on the significance of the theme in dentistry courses, specifically. The bibliographic research began with the selection of the ScIELO/Scientific Electronic Library Online database and was carried out using descriptors. The selection of papers was ordered by inclusion criteria (published studies, in English, Spanish or Portuguese, which expressed in their objectives and/or purposes the theme “systems of racial quotas in federal and Brazilian public higher education institutions”) and exclusion (studies that precede the sanctioning and applicability of “Law no 12.711/2012”, that is, restriction regarding the date of publication until the year 2012 previously defined. Data collected from eligible studies were extracted in electronic spreadsheet format, containing the following information: Title; Author(s); Key words; Year of publication; Language; Journal/Magazine; Advances; Challenges. The conclusion of this work is that, since the regulation of Law n°12,711, accessibility to Brazilian public and higher education by students targeted by this law is a major advance. However, it appears that, despite the evidenced prosperity, there are still limitations that interfere with the range of benefits arising from this policy. In this way, its continued improvement becomes essential to minimize its limitations, until then, perceived in its practice.