Atividade anti-inflamatória de rizomas de Echinodorus grandiflorus (Cham. & Schltdl.) Micheli (“Chapéu de Couro”)

Abstract

Echinodorus grandiflorus (Cham. & Schltdl.) Micheli it is a plant popularly known by its effects medicinals and had described his monograph in 2010 in the 5th edition of the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia. However, despite the use the rhizomes the population there are few studies involving this plant organ. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the activity of pharmacological semi-purified fractions of the methanolic crude extract of the rhizomes of E. grandiflorus. The principle was carried out a study of eight chromatograms in HPLC-UV obtained from crude ethanol extracts of fresh and dried rhizomes in different seasons. After this study was obtained the methanolic crude extract of rhizomes which was subsequently fractionated by liquid-liquid partition (v/v) to obtain three different fractions: fraction in 9:1 hexane ethyl acetate, ethyl acetate fraction in 100% and residual aqueous. The methanolic crude extract of rhizomes and three semi-purified fractions were studied by HPLC-UV analysis and review the literatue on the chemical constituents and comparison with literature reports with those observed in leaves. The fraction in ethyl acetate 100% was used to measure the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect in vivo. Tests were performed abdominal writhing, formalin and hot plate before antinociceptive testing and paw edema and pleurisy induced by carrageenan both to evaluate the anti-inflammatory action. It was conducted further testing production nitric oxide by J774. A1 cells, test-related anti-inflammatory action of the three semipurified fractions. The cytotoxicity of the three fractions was found in the MTT assay. The results showed that the crude ethanolic and methanolic extract are mainly a mixture of phenolic acid derivative from the hidroxicicinâmic acid, with greater production of constituents in the spring and summer. The semi-purified fractions showed different chemical constitutions with emphasis on the fraction of ethyl acetate 100% to a concentrated mixture of phenolic acid derivative from the hidroxicicinâmic acid. The fraction in ethyl acetate 100% showed no central analgesic action, since it did not act in the first phase of the formalin test and did not increase the latency time to the thermal stimulus in the hot plate test. However active-inflammatory action showed, since it was able to inhibit paw edema formation and decreased exudate volume and the total number of leukocytes in the pleurisy test. The assessment of NO production, the fraction in 9:1 hexane ethyl acetate inhibited more significantly the production of inflammatory mediators, but the other fractions also showed have this activity. The three fractions showed no cytotoxic action at different concentrations.