Hipomineralização molar incisivo (HMI): uma revisão da literatura

Abstract

Molar Incisor hypomineralization is a complex condition characterized by demarcated enamel opacities that affect one to four first permanent molars and may be associated with permanent incisors. The present review aimed to elucidate the possible etiological factors, prevalence, clinical characteristics, forms of diagnosis and treatment of MIH. For this, a bibliographic search was carried out in the PubMed, Scielo and Lilacs databases, using the term "molar incisor hypomineralization" as a descriptor in the period 2014-2022. The search resulted in 518 articles, of which 64 were elected for the realization of the study. study, that is, they dealt with HMI as a study factor, and 455 articles were excluded because they were not specific on the topic addressed. Through the review, it can be concluded that HMI does not have a fully established etiology, but it is already known that the defects have a multifactorial origin, involving systemic, environmental and genetic factors, associated with the pre, peri and postnatal periods. The prevalence of this condition varies from 2.8 to 40.2% in the world population. Clinically, the enamel of affected teeth is porous with well-defined opacities, color ranging from white to brownish yellow with asymmetric distribution of lesions, present a greater chance of developing carious lesions and also of post-eruptive fracture. Therefore, it is essential to establish an early diagnosis to avoid the aggravation of the lesions and to propose an effective treatment, encompassing from the prevention of caries and post-eruptive enamel fracture to postponing more invasive treatments such as the extraction of the dental element.