Ficção científica e história: utopias, distopias e regimes de historicidade

Abstract

In this thesis I intend to reflect on how science fiction (SF) can be understood as a kind of “antenna of the world” in which it is produced and how its relationship with History is seminal, constituting an important field of analysis for historiography and for the Theory of History. To this end, I discuss the role of SF, especially utopias and dystopias, relating them to the historiographical debate, especially with the concept of “presentism” and the construction of a new historical consciousness. The prominence of this literary genre in recent decades in the most diverse fields of the cultural industry reflects the anxieties, dreams and feelings of the worlds in which the works are reproduced, making them references for the historical study of these contexts. For the development of this research, I analyze science fiction works that represent three emblematic periods of the history of the western world in the last hundred years, namely the Cold War, the fall of the Berlin Wall and the attack on the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center, with the aim of relating history and literature. Based on the works of writers Isaac Asimov, Kim Stanley Robinson and Suzanne Collins, I intend to reflect on how these narratives approach the regimes of historicity in which they are inserted and highlight the tensions and problematizations of these regimes. The books analysis followed the method of Textual Semiotics, particularly the theory of narrative analysis, as described by Ciro Flamarion Cardoso.