A caracterização da paisagem sonora e do ruído em uma praça de Juiz de Fora - MG

Abstract

Noise pollution is considered a global public health problem. High noise levels can directly affect the health of the population, and can also influence the well-being and quality of life of users of public spaces. This work aims to characterize the soundscape of a square in the city of Juiz de Fora, MG, considering the noise levels, the perception of users and their behavior in this space. From the selection of a city square, measurements of sound pressure levels were carried out in loco in the square and its surroundings and compared with the limits established in national and international laws and standards. The sources of noise and the sounds of the square were identified through an audiovisual analysis. Additionally, users' perception of the square's sounds and noises was identified through the application of a questionnaire to 57 respondents. Finally, it was determined whether the behavior of the users of the square is related to the soundscape of the place through the development of behavioral maps. For all analyzes performed, the appropriate statistical tests were applied to each case to identify whether there is a significant difference between the quantities analyzed. The results indicated that the sound pressure levels of the square and its surroundings exceed the limits established by the Brazilian standard NBR 10.151/2019 and by the recommendations of the World Health Organization. The most frequently observed sounds were birds, vehicles and conversations; and the sporadic sounds identified were works, music and screams. In total, 17 different types of sounds were recorded, which were classified into four categories: traffic, human, biophony and geophony. Questionnaire responses showed that biophony and geophony sounds are considered the most comfortable sounds to hear in relation to traffic and human, which were considered the least comfortable. The sounds of the square in general arouse feelings of agitation and calm in users. Despite the high levels of noise recorded, users reported that the sound volume of the square was not very disturbing. However, they prefer to stay in the central areas, which are quieter than the edges. The latter have higher levels and sounds that were considered less comfortable, such as vehicles. It is concluded that the high levels of noise and the local soundscape can directly influence the user experience in the square, positively or negatively, which can cause stress, irritability and discomfort, as well as effects of tranquility and comfort. Thus, soundscape planning and sound pressure level control in squares become increasingly important for cities