Associação entre fatores socioeconômicos e progressão da doença renal crônica - análise de uma coorte por sete anos

Abstract

Introduction: The Social Work officially enter the ranks of health professions with the resolution of the Ministry of Health No. 218/97. This recognition of the profession goes through a historical process marked by the historical conditions in which public health was developed in Brazil and the social recognition of profession. Inside Social Service Health, found a new playing field that is nephrology, a performance that, in the centers of Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT), has a legal backing, and a recognition of the importance of social workers in the composition teams minimal attention to patient with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in TRS. The association between socioeconomic factors and incidence and prevalence of CKD is well established in the literature. Undoubtedly, the ethnicity is the most studied social factor with regard to the incidence and prevalence of CKD. Only recently, educational factors have been addressed with respect to CKD, analyzing the importance of self-pathology and improves outcomes. An issue often discussed is the difficulty of access to health services, both in developed countries, with models of health systems that are not universal, as in the United States and in developing countries with populations with low socioeconomic status, as Brazil. Factors such as the genre has also been addressed in a few studies, with women having higher incidence of CKD. When we evaluated the influence of these same factors in the progression of CKD, there is only scarce and fragmented studies evaluating the issue, and we see clearly that studies evaluating the progression of CKD deal primarily biological. The aim of this study was to characterize the social profile of users with chronic kidney disease pre-dialysis stages 3, 4 and 5, as well as assess the impact of socioeconomic variables on the progression of CKD pre-dialysis stages studied. Patients and Methods:: We conducted a retrospective cohort study, follow-up period from January 2002 to December 2009. The variables were sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory. Inclusion criteria: users over 18 years of age, CKD stages 3A, 3B, 4 and 5, accompanied by more than three months. Statistical Analysis: The users were divided according to social vulnerability (SV). To calculate the VS, we used three statistical techniques in sequence, factor analysis, cluster analysis (Cluster) and discriminant analysis. The demographic data, clinical and laboratory data were evaluated for each group of VS. We performed a descriptive analysis of the data, expressed as mean ± standard deviation, median, or percentage, according to the characteristic of the variable. To assess normality, we used the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Differences between groups were analyzed by t test for independent samples or the Wilcoxon test for nonparametric comparisons. A χ2 test was used for categorical variables. Survival was analyzed with survival curves of Kaplan-Meier. Cox regression was performed to examine the impact of SV on the outcomes. Results. We evaluated 209 patients cared for a period of 7 years, 29.4% were classified as vulnerable. There were no differences in mortality among the vulnerable and non-vulnerable users (log rank: 0.23), which also occurred when the result was TRS (log rank: 0,17). In the Cox regression model, hazard ratio (HR) and confidence interval (CI) for the impact of VS on mortality was not adjusted HR: 1.87 (CI: 0.64 to 5.41) and after adjusted HR: 1.47 (C1: 0.35 to 6.0). When we analyze the impact of VS on TRS, observe the HR and CI, unadjusted HR: 1.85 (CI: 0.71 to 4.8) and adjusted HR: 2.19 (CI:0.50-9 0.6) . Conclusion: VS showed no impact on mortality outcomes and TRS. Access to health care in Brazil, despite its universal features, have social barriers in access to specialized treatment. We believe that users spent by social barriers imposed for access to specialized care (selection bias). Our study has limitations, as it does not allow us to prove the effectiveness of an interdisciplinary intervention, since the method adopted (retrospective cohort) did not allow us to evaluate the impact of an interdisciplinary approach, because data collection occurred 9 after the intervention team. However, the present study is the first to evaluate the VS in users with CKD pre-dialysis, for a follow-up period of seven years.