Caracterização gravimétrica como etapa de diagnóstico de resíduos sólidos : estudo em município de pequeno porte

Abstract

The generation of urban solid waste (MSW) has increased over the years and, therefore, it has become necessary to ensure that the waste has an environmentally appropriate destination. For this, it is necessary to discuss and analyze the management of the municipalities, especially the small ones, with less than 20,000 inhabitants, since these municipalities constitute 68% of the country. In other words, as these municipalities represent a significant percentage at the national level, it is reinforced that they are fundamental to solving the problem of the destination of MSW. As of 2010, the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS) was instituted in Brazil, whose main management instrument is the Municipal Plan for Integrated Management of Solid Waste (PMGIRS). The present work aims to address the issues that involve the management of MSW in small municipalities, and to emphasize how the gravimetric characterization of MSW is essential for an efficient diagnosis and directed to the real needs of the population. To this end, first, a systematic literature review (RSL) was prepared with the intention of surveying studies that addressed the process of gravimetric characterization in Brazilian municipalities. In a second moment, the characteristics of the MSW of the case study were raised, through 3 campaigns of gravimetric characterizations, in which each campaign of the case study had its data submitted to the non-parametric statistical test Mann Whitney U Test and, later, Kruskal-Wallis test was used for comparisons between campaigns. Based on the results of the bibliometric analyses, the lack of research on the characteristics of MSW in Minas Gerais municipalities with less than 20,000 inhabitants was identified. The results obtained for the statistical tests did not show significant differences between the evaluated fractions of the campaigns at 95% confidence, which allowed a single result for the Municipality. The data presented reinforced the importance of the gravimetric characterization process for the management of MSW in small municipalities in Brazil