Prevenção do câncer de colo do útero em uma área coberta pela estratégia de saúde da família

Abstract

Cancer of the cervix is a serious public health problem worldwide. In Brazil, constitutes the third leading cause of mortality after correction of rates from ill-defined causes. It is a grievance preventable through early detection of precursor lesions through Pap test. The high coverage of women by examining screening can reduce the incidence rates of invasive lesion thus justified conducting research that contributes to better assess the epidemiological situation of the disease, determining the prevalence, coverage of preventive tests, factors associated to clarify and justify intervention, and analysis that contribute to further clarification of the reasons why some women are still resistant to completion of screening. Thus, we conducted a cross-sectional study with 776 women aged 20-59 years in a Family Health Unit in the city of Juiz de Fora, MG. It was used as an instrument of data collection a comprehensive questionnaire that allowed us to evaluate the habits and behaviors of health care, establishing objectives: to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with lack of test preventative of cancer of the cervix; analyzing the coverage of these tests; associate no preventive examinations of cancer of the cervix the habits of health care performed by women. Data were analyzed using Stata 11.0 checking Prevalence ratios (PR) with respective confidence intervals of 95% (95% CI) and p values, using the multivariate Poisson regression. It was found that 76.29% of women with Pap smear within the criteria established by the Ministry of Health, the independent variables that were associated with the outcome were: higher education level, regular physical activity and seek the Unit Health last year. The alcohol consumption was a risk factor for non-examination. Although statistical significance has social support. Regarding the coverage tests, following the intensification of cancer screening cervical cancer through specific strategies of action, it was possible to raise the ratio of cytological examinations at the Health Unit of 0.1 to 0.4 for the period 1 year. It was also observed that women have as habits and behaviors of health care, attitudes related to prevention and promotion, is more likely to perform preventive screening for cancer of the cervix. We conclude that there is still a portion of the population, considered epidemiologically risk, which does not perform screening examination within the criteria established by the Ministry of Health and the analysis of the variables associated with this condition can assist in developing intervention strategies. Tracing these women organized allows achievement of established goals, the organization of information, the structuring of the service, increasing access and improving the relationship with the community enrolled. Greater knowledge of the habits and behaviors of this population provides the incentive to attitudes of promotion and preventive health care, as well as a specific intervention in potentially harmful situations. Therefore, studies on the prevention of cervical cancer are extremely relevant in order to analyze the coverage of screening in areas served by the Family Health Strategy and to understand the factors associated with non-adherence in women with Pap smear.