O setor de serviços no Brasil: uma abordagem regional

Abstract

The acceleration of growth in the services sector has been a characteristic of the model of global growth. Following this pattern, in Brazil, it is possible to see a move towards a "service economy". However, as regional development is not uniform throughout the country, the development of the service sector also is not. Thus, this paper studies the service sector considering the spatial and structural characteristics. The main objective is divided into four parts: 1) establish a functional interregional hierarchy and understand the influence of the services in the Brazilian urban polarization process; 2) understand and map the productive structure of the service sectors in Brazil from the constructed hierarchy; 3) analyze the relationship between the industrial and service sector; 4) to study the growth process of services sectors from the agglomerative constraints that influence this process. The study used data from 1995 and 2011 for municipalities, aggregated by AMC 91, referring to 23 service sectors and utilized a methodological strategies to achieve the goals. Starting with a regionalization methodology, through the analysis of production structure and income of the service sectors from variables that characterize the economies of agglomeration, and ending with a spatial econometric model that aims to understand the relationship of these variables with the growth of sectors services, considering the spatial dependence of the process. The results indicate that the Brazilian regional setting, as regards the ability of polarization from the service sector has not undergone very significant changes. Service activities remain concentrated in the same large pole 20 years ago, and these poles polarized regions that also have changed a little. You can observe a spatial pattern of distribution of services sectors in the North-South direction. The South has the largest part of the sector activity, with higher diversity and greater degree of competitiveness and greater economies of scale. Already the North axis of the country has less diversification of services and a strong concentration of the sector 75 - Public Administration, denoting a lack of economic activity in this region. It was also possible to note that the clustering and population scale contribute to the development of the service sector as well as the correlation between industrial activity and service activity is observed. One can also point out that despite the great heterogeneity among the service sectors, with respect to location, there are no major differences in the country's urban hierarchy. viii Finally, the model of growth based on the production structure between the years 1995 and 2011, it was observed that in most sectors, the spatial dependence is shown in the form of spatially dependent error. The results of the regressions allow to see that the location economies have no great influence on the growth of sectors, unlike the local competition was significant in the period 1995-2011. Regarding economies of urbanization, there wasn’t a homogeneous pattern between sectors. Contribution of this work is the study of the location of services sectors in Brazil, quite disaggregated in the regional and sectoral level. From this, it is possible to restate the standard of Brazilian regional development and its obstacles, with clear concentration of economic activities in the more developed regions of the country and aggravation of barriers of evolution of those later.