O retorno dos migrantes no cenário pós-crise de 2008: características demográficas na microrregião de Governador Valadares/MG

Abstract

The present work addressed the return of migrants in the post-2008 crisis scenario, considering the economic impacts identified in the micro-region of Governador Valadares/MG. The 2008 crisis, which originated in the United States of America, had economic and social implications in several countries around the world, including Brazil. Considering that the micro-region of Governador Valadares is traditionally one of those with the highest number of migrants to the United States, according to authors such as Martes and Soares (2006), Fusco (2005) and Margolis (2013), there is a possibility that the critical scenario may have had more significant consequences for the region. The research was documentary in nature and the data were collected from the 2000 and 2010 Censuses, considering variables such as household, gender, race, employment relationship, education, marital status, return in the last five years and income. The objective of the research was to analyze the profile of migrants who returned to Brazil in the post-crisis period, considering the characteristics presented in the years 2000 and 2010 in the micro-region of Governador Valadares. The possible influence of foreign currency and the return of migrants to Brazil in the post-crisis period was also observed. Unlike most countries, the larger scale return of Brazilian immigrants was due to the better results of the Brazilian economy compared to other countries of origin at the time. The crisis had a socioeconomic influence on the micro-region of Governador Valadares, mainly in terms of the opening of businesses by returning migrants and their entry into the formal job market, considering the tendency of this public to work on their own upon returning. The general income variation in the micro-region did not prove to be significant in the researched period and the differences between what was calculated in the two censuses were also not relevant, considering the purchasing power of the minimum wage in the researched periods. The number of people who returned, however, does not prove to be sufficient to bring relevant implications to the local economy.